Программы международного обмена в развитии ленинградской школы художественного текстиля

Маргарита Сергеевна Широковских

Authors

Margarita S. Shirokovskikh Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена Author

Keywords:

Leningrad Textile School, textile design, decorative arts, tapestry, student internships, international exchange programs, Antoni Kybal, Latvian Textile School, Czech design

Abstract

The article was written with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, grant 23-18-00419 “Enterprises of the art industry of Leningrad in the 1940s–1960s. and their role in shaping the living environment”.

The Leningrad Textile School is a phenomenon of design that unites the educational system, serial production and innovative searches of the school’s leaders — outstanding artists. The School developed actively in the early 1950s, after the restoration of the Art and Industrial school, which until 1917 was called the Central School of Technical Drawing of Baron A. Stieglitz. The Leningrad Textile School formed its own traditions, responding to the demands of the Industry and current trends in Decorative Art. This phenomenon has not been fully studied, but it is also not sufficiently understood. Based on the Study of archival materials, it was possible to find out that since the 1950s, the Leningrad Higher School of Art and Industry has been implementing international Exchange Programs with Academies and Universities in Hungary, Poland, Germany, and Great Britain. Industrial Internships were organized for the students from Leningrad at the textile factories in the Baltic countries. The article notes the contribution of the Latvian school to the development of textile art in Leningrad, carried out through cultural exchange at exhibitions and in the creative workshop Dzintari. Student internships at the Higher School of Decorative Arts in Prague in the early 1960s contributed to the development of some weaving skills, while the collaboration with the Hungarian Institute of Applied Arts influenced the development of textile design. International exchange programs existed in the Leningrad Union of Artists. Textile factories (especially the V. Slutskaya cotton-printing factory) took part in the International Industrial Exhibitions, expanding the export zone of Leningrad fabrics.

Author Biography

Margarita S. Shirokovskikh, Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена

Shirokovskikh, Margarita S. — Ph. D. (Art History); associate professor. Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 48 Moika Embankment, 191186 St. Petersburg Russian Federation; SPIN-code: 9301-3204; ORCID: 0000-0003-4314-9756; Scopus ID: 57205342843.

References

Broka R. Baltic School of Textile Art. Comparative Analysis of the Soviet Latvian, Lithuanian, and Estonian Textile Art in the Context of Landscape. Jauno vēsturnieku zinātniskie lasījumi VII (Scientific readings for young historians). Rīga, LU Akadēmiskais apgāds Publ., 2022, pp. 91–104.

Gibiete E. (ed.). 50th Anniversary Project Tekstils LV of the Textile Art Department of the Art Academy of Latvia. Riga, Art Academy of Latvia Publ., 2011. 172 p.

Kondratyuk K. Katalog vystavki pol’skih khudozhestvennykh tkanei (Catalogue of the exhibition of Polish Art Textile). Riga, The State Museum of Foreign Art of the Latvian SSR Publ., 1969. 43 p. (in Russian).

Koval’ R. M. The Universe of Jean Lurçat. Dekorativnoe iskusstvo SSSR (Decorative Arts of the USSR), 1983, vol. 4, pp. 40–43 (in Russian).

Kurakova N. V. The role and significance of the Leningrad Higher Art School named after V.I. Mukhina in the history of the formation and development of Leningrad author’s tapestry. Obshchestvo. Sreda. Razvitie (Society. Environment. Development), 2013, vol. 1, pp. 155–160 (in Russian).

Ļegciļina-Broka R. Landscape in Latvian Textile Art. Perception of the Nature and Relationships with the Place as a Basis of the Textile Artists Image Sistem. Proceedings of the 63rd International Scientific Conference of Daugavpils University. Part C. Humanities. Daugavpils, Daugavpils University Publ., 2021, pp. 155–161.

Liplavskaya M.; Serebrennikova F. Tekstil’naia i legkaia promyshlennost’ SSSR na zarubezhnykh vystavkakh i iarmarkakh 1960 goda (Textile and light industry of the USSR at foreign exhibitions and fairs in 1960). Moscow, All-Union Institute of Assortment of Textile Industry Products and Clothing Culture VIALegprom Publ., 1961. 87 p. (in Russian).

Markelov A. P. (ed.). Katalog izdelii khudozhestvennoi promyshlennosti. Dekorativnye tkani (The Catalog of art industry products. Decorative fabrics). Moscow, State Architectural Publ., 1949. 74 p. (in Russian).

Pinkus S. Yuozas Balchikonis. Moscow, Sovetskii khudozhnik Publ., 1974. 120 p. (in Russian).

Raudzepa V. Tekstilmāksla Latvijā 21. gs. sākumā. Salīdzinošais aspekts. Procesi, problēmas . Letonika otrais congress. Kongresa referāti (Processes, problems. Second Letonika congress. Congress reports). Rīga, Latvijas Zinātņu akadēmija, Latvijas Mākslas akadēmijas Mākslas Vēstures institūts Publ., 2008, pp. 146–162 (in Latvian).

Saltykov A. On the artistic quality of industrial goods. Sovetskaia torgovlia (Soviet Trade), 1954, vol. 9, pp. 21–31 (in Russian).

Sapanzha O. S. (ed.). Khudozhestvennaya promyshlennosti Leningrada. 1945–1965. Morfologiya i morfemika (Art Industry of Leningrad. 1945–1965. Morphology and Morphemics). St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2024. 156 p. (in Russian).

Šatavičiūtė-Natalevičienė L. Juozas Balčikonis. Vilnius, Vilniaus dailės akademijos leidykla Publ., 2007. 211 p. (in Lithuanian).

Sorvin I. (ed.). SHpalery Frantsii s 15 veka do nashikh dnei (The Tapestries of France from 15th century to the present day). Moscow, Sovetskii khudozhnik Publ., 1974. 59 p. (in Russian).

Spurný J. Ein Meister moderner Textilkunst Antonín Kybal. Praha, Artia Publ., 1960. 23 p. (in German).

Suta T. Mākslas tēla veidošana padomju gobelēnā. Latviešu tēlotāja māksla (The formation of an artistic image in Soviet tapestry. Latvian fine art). Rīga, Liesma Publ., 1977. pp. 44–65 (in Latvian).

Tomeš J. Český biografický slovník XX století (Czech biographical dictionary of the 20th century), vol. 2. Praha, Litomyšl Paseka Publ., 1999. 649 p. (in Czech).

Vaks I. A. Hudozhnik v promyshlennosti (The Artist in industry). Leningrad and Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1965. 120 p. (in Russian).

Vlčková L. Antonín Kybal. Katalog k Výstavě pořádané v červenci až září 2011(Antonín Kybal. Catalogue for the Exhibition held in July to September 2011). Praha, Severočeská galerie výtvarného umění v Litoměřicích Publ., 2011. 195 p. (in Czech).

Wells K. L. H. Weaving Modernism. New Haven and London, Yale University Press Publ., 2019. 280 p.

Zhogol’ L. E. Dekorativnoe iskusstvo v inter’erah obshchestvennykh zdanii (Decorative art in the interiors of public buildings). Kiev, Budivelnik Publ., 1978. 104 p. (in Russian).