Архитектура северных окраин Охридской архиепископии в ΧΙ веке
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18688/aa2313-10-62Ключевые слова:
Охридская архиепископия, средневизантийская архитектура, Болгария, Сербия, крестовокупольная церковьАннотация
Статья посвящена архитектурной истории северных территорий Охридской архиепископии от времени её основания (1019), когда после победы над Первым Болгарским царством на Балканы возвращается византийская власть, и до начала XII в., когда византийское строительство в этих областях становится менее интенсивным, а столичные влияния уступают место региональным направлениям, развивающимся в русле архитектурных решений, интерпретирующих образцы XI в.
Уже при первых охридских архиепископах (Иоанн Дебарский (1018‒1037), Лев Охридский (1037–1056)) разворачивается строительство в разных епархиях Балканского полуострова, поновляются старые епископские кафедры, возводятся новые храмы, основываются монастыри. Главным заказчиком со стороны церкви является Охрид, центром административного управления византийской фемы «Болгария», территорий, возвращенных византийцами на Балканах, станет Скопье. Широкая география обновления и связанное с ним строительство в удаленных от Охрида областях приведет к консолидации мастеров из разных регионов, что будет способствовать разнообразию в храмовом зодчестве творческих замыслов и архитектурных приемов. Если в центральных и южных епархиях Охридской архиепископии основные вехи архитектурной истории удается проследить, то в северных в большинстве случаев имена заказчиков неизвестны, датировки неточны, при этом качество построек часто оказывается высоким. Мы попытаемся уточнить картину церковного строительства к северу от Охрида (Болгария и Сербия) в XI в., основываясь на архитектурных особенностях сохранившихся памятников.
Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 20-18-00294-П «Художественные традиции и церковно-политическая идеология в средневековой архитектуре и искусстве Балкан. Македонский вопрос».
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