Visual Elements of the Literary Text of I. F. Tyumenev’s Autobiography and Diaries
Keywords:
autobiography, diary, I. F. Tyumenev, A. P. Ryabushkin, visual elements, manuscript, archiveAbstract
The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 22-78-10135.
The unique memoir and diary work of Ilya Fedorovich Tyumenev (1855–1927) — a representative of an ancient merchant family, writer, musician, artist, translator, ethnographer, and collector — consists of 16 handwritten volumes stored in the Department of Manuscripts of the National Library of Russia. The work has been created since 1879, with last lines dating back to the year of the author’s death. Five volumes were titled by the author as “My Autobiography”, and the diaries begin in the middle of the sixth volume. When transmitting certain information, I. F. Tyumenev sought not only to tell about the events he witnessed, but also to preserve the most reliable evidence about them, so the artistic text of the work includes both a literary outline and a number of visual elements: drawings, photographs, concert programs, business cards, etc. The article provides a systematic review of these elements. Based on a de visu review of a large number of documents of this type created in the second half of the 19th — first half of the 20th century, the place of Tyumenev’s autobiographical work was determined. The conclusion has been made about the culminating significance of Tyumenev’s work in the evolution of the form of autobiographical works, which reflected the generally changing human mindset, the emergence of increasing attention to detail, and the accuracy of information. Likewise, this form embodied the desire for the synthetics of art, a characteristic of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries.
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