Иконографическая программа Кылычлар килисе и ее место в византийской традиции постиконоборческого периода
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18688/aa2414-2-10Ключевые слова:
Каппадокия, Кылычлар килисе, македонский период, монументальная живопись, иконографическая программаАннотация
. В работе рассматривается иконографическая программа каппадокийской пещерной церкви Кылычлар в контексте византийской монументальной живописи IX–XI веков. Анализ программных особенностей Кылычлар килисе, отражающих столичное влияние, позволяет приблизиться к пониманию некоторых важнейших процессов, происходивших в византийской храмовой декорации в IX–X веках, о которых в самом Константинополе не осталось свидетельств. Так, в декорации верхней зоны Кылычлар килисе были объединены, вероятно, два известных столичной традиции способа декорации куполов многоглавых церквей. В апсиде жертвенника Кылычлар представлена одна из самых ранних композиций «Евхаристии» в византийской монументальной живописи. В евангельском цикле Кылычлар впервые из известных нам византийских памятников читаются две смысловые зоны: верхняя с наиболее важными евангельскими событиями и нижняя, сюжеты которой дополняют или комментируют композиции верхнего яруса. Эти и другие программные особенности Кылычлар килисе получат развитие в византийской традиции XI–XII веков.
Библиографические ссылки
Brenk B. Zum Bildprogramm der Zenokapelle in Rom. Archivo Español de Archeologia, 1974, vol. 45–47, pp. 213–221 (in German).
Brubaker L. Vision and Meaning in Ninth Century Byzantium. Image as Exegesis in the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press Publ., 1999. 489 p.
Cave J. The Byzantine Wall Paintings of Kılıçlar kilise: Aspect of Monumental Decoration in Cappadocia, Ph. D. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University (unpublished), 1984. 369 p.
Chatzidakis N. Hosios Loukas (Byzantine Art in Greece: Mosaics – Wall Paintings). Athens, Melissa Publ., 1997. 94 p.
Connor C. L. Saints and Spectacle: Byzantine Mosaics in Their Cultural Settings. New York, Oxford University Press Publ., 2016. 212 p.
Cormack R. Byzantine Cappadocia: The Archaic Group of Wall-Paintings. Journal of the Archaeological Association, 3rd series, 1967, vol. 30, pp. 19–36.
Cormack R. The Mother of God in the Mosaics of Hagia Sophia at Constantinople. Vassilaki M. (ed.). Mother of God. Representations of the Virgin in Byzantine Art. Milano, Skira Publ., 2000, pp. 107–123.
Ćurčić S. Architectural Reconsideration of the Nea Ekklesia. Byzantine Studies Conference Abstracts, 1980, vol. 6, pp. 11–12.
Daskas B.; Gargova F.; Mullett M.; Ousterhout R. The Holy Apostles: Visualizing a Lost Monument: The Underwood Drawings from the Image Collections and Fieldwork Archives. Washington DC, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Publ., 2015. 44 p.
De Jerphanion G. Une nouvelle province de l’art byzantin. Les églises rupestres de Cappadoce. Paris, Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner Publ. Vol. 1, 1925, 615 p.; vol. 2, 1936, 538 p. (in French).
Demus О. Byzantine Mosaic Decoration. Aspects of Monumental Art in Byzantium. London, Paul, Trench, Trubner Publ., 1948. 97 p.
Demus O. The Mosaics of San Marco in Venice. Vol. 1: The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Chicago, London, The University of Chicago Press Publ., 1984. 495 p.
Der Nersessian S. Le décor des églises du IX siècle. Actes du VIe Congrès international d’Études byzantines. Paris, École des Hauts Études Publ., 1951, vol. 2, pp. 315–320 (in French).
Epstein A. W. The Fresco Decoration of the Column Churches, Göreme Valley, Cappadocia. A Consideration of Their Chronology and Their Models. Cahiers archéologiques, 1980–1981, vol. 29, pp. 27–45.
Giordani E. Das mittelbyzantinische Ausschmückungssystem als Ausdruck eines hieratischen Bildprogramms. Jahrbuch der österreichischen byzantinischen Gesellschaft, 1951, vol. 1, pp. 103–134 (in German).
Goldschmidt A.; Weitzmann K. Die byzantinischen Elfenbeinskulpturen des X.–XIII. Jahrhunderts. Berlin, Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaft Publ., 1934. 96 p. (in German).
Işler B.; Kadiroğlu M. Gürcü sanatının ortaçağı. Ankara, Bilgin Kültür Sanat Publ., 2010. 263 p. (in Turkish)
James L. (ed.). Constantine of Rhodes, On Constantinople and the Church of the Holy Apostles. Farnham, Ashgate Publ., 2012. 250 p.
Jenkins R.; Mango C. The Date and Significance of the Tenth Homily of Photius. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 1956, vol. 9, pp. 123–140.
Jolivet-Lévy C. Les églises byzantines de Cappadoce. Le programme iconographique de l’abside et de ses abords. Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Publ., 1991. 391 p. (in French).
Jolivet-Lévy C. La Cappadoce Médiévale. Images et Spiritualité. Paris, Zodiaque Publ., 2001. 400 p. (in French).
Jolivet-Lévy C. Études Cappadociennes. London, The Pindar Press Publ., 2002. 544 p. (in French).
Jolivet-Lévy C. La Cappadoce. Un siècle après G. de Jerphanion. Paris, Éditions Geuthner Publ., 2015. Vol. I, 382 p.; vol. 2, 283 pl. (in French).
Kartsonis A. D. Anastasis: The Making of an Image. Princeton, Princeton University Press Publ., 1986. 263 p.
Kitzinger E. Reflections on the Feast Cycle in Byzantine Art. Cahiers archéologiques, 1988, vol. 36, pp. 51–73.
Kostof S. K. Marcell Restle, Byzantine Wall Painting in Asia Minor (review). The Art Bulletin, 1970, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 88–94.
Krautheimer R. Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture. New Haven, London, The Yale University Press Pelican History of Art Series Publ., 1986. 553 p.
Lafontaine-Dosogne J. Théophanie-Visions auxquelles participent les prophètes dans l’art byzantin après la restauration des images. Synthronon. Art et archéologie de la fin de l’Antiquité et du Moyen Age. Recueil d’études par André Grabar et un groupe de ses disciples. Paris, C. Klincksieck Publ., 1968, pp. 134–143 (in French).
Lafontaine-Dosogne J. L’église rupestre dite Eski Baca kilisesi et la place de la Vierge dans les absides cappadociennes. Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, 1972, vol. 21, pp. 163–178 (in French).
Lazarev V. The System of Byzantine Church Decoration in the 9th–11th Centuries. Lazarev V. N. Vizantiiskaia zhivopis’: sbornik statei (The Byzantine Painting: Collection of articles). Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1971, pp. 96–109 (in Russian).
Lidov A. The Great Schism and Byzantine Church Decoration. Lidov A. M. (ed.). Vostochnokhristianskii khram: Liturgiia i iskusstvo. Sbornik statei (The Orthodox Church: Liturgy and Art: Collection of articles). St. Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin Publ., 1994, pp. 17–35 (in Russian).
Lidov A. Images of Christ in the Church Decoration and Byzantine Christology after the Schism of 1054. Drevnerusskoe iskusstvo. Vizantiia i Drevniaia Rus’: sbornik statei (Old Russian Art. Byzantium and Old Rus: Collection of articles). St. Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin Publ., 1999, pp. 155–177 (in Russian).
Mango C. Materials for the Study of the Mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul. Washington, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Publ., 1962. 145 p.
Mango C.; Hawkins E. J. W. The Apse Mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul. Report on Work Carried out in 1964. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 1965, vol. 19, pp. 115–151.
Mango C. The Art of the Byzantine Empire, 312–1453. Sources and Documents. Englewood Cliffs; Prentice-Hall Publ., 1972. 272 p.
Meyendorff J. Introduction. Sviatoi German Konstantinopol’skii, Skazanie o Tserkvi i rassmotrenie tainstv (St. Germanus I of Constantinople, Meditation on Church Matters or Commentary on the Liturgy). Moscow, Martis Publ., 1995, pp. 27–30 (in Russian).
Miljkovič-Pepek P. Veljusa, manastir sv. Bogorodica milostiva vo seloto Veljusa, kraj Strumilica (Veljusa, monastery of the Virgin Eleousa in Veljusa, Strumilica). Skopje, Faculté des sciences philosofico-historiques de l’Université “Cyrille et Methode” – Skopje Publ., 1981. 320 p. (in Macedonian).
Morey C. R. Notes on East Christian Miniatures. The Art Bulletin. New York, New York University Publ., 1929, vol. 11, pp. 53–92.
Mullett M. and Ousterhout R.G.; Gargova F. (ed.) The Holy Apostles: A Lost Monument, a Forgotten Project, and the Presentness of the Past. Washington, DC, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Publ., 2020. 448 p.
Nagatsuka Y. Essai sur les programmes iconographiques des églises rupestres de Cappadoce. Balkan and Asia Minor Studies, 1984, vol. 10, pp. 1–40 (in French).
Nordhagen P. J. The Absent Ruler. Reflections on the Origin of the Byzantine Domed Church and its Pictorial Decoration. Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia. Rome, Bardi Editore Publ., 2001, vol. 1, pp. 319–336.
Panayotidi M. L’église rupestre de la Nativité dans l’île de Naxos. Ses peintures primitives. Cahiers archéologiques, 1974, vol. 23, pp. 107–120 (in French).
Panayotidi M. La peinture monumentale en Grèce de la fin de l’Iconoclasme jusqu’à l’avènement des Comnènes (843–1081). Cahiers archéologiques, 1984, vol. 34, pp. 75–108 (in French).
Papadopoulos K. Die Wandmalereien des XI. Jahrhunderts in der Kirche Panagía ton Chalkéon in Thessaloniki. Graz-Köln, Verlag H. Böhlau Publ., 1966. 120 p. (in German).
Paton W. R. (transl.) The Greek Anthology. London, William Heinemann Publ., 1916. Vol. 1, 530 p.
Restle M. Die byzantinische Wandmalerei in Kleinasien. Recklinghausen: Verlag Aurel Bongers, 1967. Vol. 1, 242 p.; vol. 2, 20 p., 301 pl.; vol. 3, 17 p., 554 pl. (in German).
Restle M. Zwei Höhlenkirchen im Hacı İsmail dere bei Ayvalı. Jahrbuch der Österreischischen Byzantinistik, 1973, vol. 22, pp. 251–279 (in German).
Sarab’ianov V. D. The Gospel Cycle in the Decorative Program of St. Sophia in Kiev. Iskusstvo khristianskogo mira: Sbornik statei (Art of the Christian World: Collection of articles), vol. 10. St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University Publ., 2007, pp. 201–217 (in Russian).
Sarab’ianov V. D. Mosaic Decoration of St. Sophia in Kiev: Byzantine Scheme in the Old Russian Tradition. Iskusstvoznanie (Art Studies), no. 2, 2008, pp. 5–43 (in Russian).
Sarab’ianov V. D. The Passion Сycle of St. Sophia in Kiev and the Iconography of Passions of Our Lord in the Byzantine Art of the 9th–11th Centuries. Vizantiiskii Vremennik, 2010, vol. 69 (94), pp. 279–298 (in Russian).
Sarab’ianov V. D. Image of the Priesthood in the Murals of St. Sophia in Kiev. 1st Part. The Program of the St. Sophia Cathedral and the Byzantine Tradition of the Posticonoclastic Period. Iskusstvoznanie (Art Studies), no. 3–4, 2011, pp. 14–52 (in Russian).
Sarab’ianov V. D., Popova O. S. Mozaiki i freski Sviatoi Sofii Kievskoi (Mosaics and Frescoes of St. Sophia in Kiev). Moscow, Gamma-press Publ., 2017. 503 p. (in Russian).
Schwartz E. M. Das Lektionar von St. Petersburg: vollständige Faksimile-Ausgabe im Originalformat des Codex gr. 21, gr. 21 a der Russischen Nationalbibliothek in St. Petersburg. Graz, Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt Publ., 1994. Vol. 1, 15 fols; vol. 2, 42 p. (in German).
Sinkevic I. The Church of St. Panteleimon at Nerezi: Architecture, Programme, Patronage. Wiesbaden, Reichert Verlag Publ., 2000. 209 p.
Skawran K. M. The Development of Middle Byzantine Fresco Painting in Greece. Pretoria, University of South Africa Publ., 1982. 206 p.
Speck P. Ein Heiligenbilderzyklus im Studios-Kloster um das Jahr 800. Actes du 12e Congrès international d’tudes byzantines, Ohride, 1961. Belgrade, Naučno Delo Publ., 1964, vol. 3, pp. 333–344 (in German).
Stallman-Pacitti C. (ed.). The Life of Saint Pankratios of Taormina: Greek Text, English Translation and Commentary. Leiden; Boston, Brill Publ., 2018. 526 p.
Stylianou A. and J. The Painted Churches of Cyprus. Treasures of Byzantine Art. Nicosia, A. G. Leventis Foundation Publ., 1997. 527 p.
Taft R. The Byzantine Rite: A Short History. Collegeville, The Liturgical Press Publ., 1992. 88 p.
Thierry N. A propos de l’Ascension d’Ayvalı kilise et de celle de Sainte-Sophie de Salonique. Cahiers archéologiques, 1965, vol. 15, pp. 145–154 (in French).
Thierry N. La Cappadoce de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge. Turnhout, Brepols Publ., 2002. 316 p. (in French).
Vinogradov A. Cycles of Church Paintings in the 7th–9th Centuries according to Hagiography. Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Conference Abstracts. St. Petersburg, Russia, 26–31 October 2020. Available at: https://actual-art.spbu.ru/publikatsii/theses/theses-2020/324-2020-eastern-christian-art.html (accessed 17 November 2022) (in Russian).
Walter Ch. Art and Ritual of the Byzantine Church. London, Variorum Publ., 1982. 279 p.
Wharton Epstein A. Tokali kilise. Tenth-Century Metropolitan Art in Byzantine Cappadocia. Washington, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Publ., 1986. 90 p.
WolskaConus W. Un programme iconographique du patriarche Tarasios? Revue des études byzantines, 1980, vol. 38, pp. 247–254 (in French).
Woodfin W. T. A Majestas Domini in Middle Byzantine Constantinople. Cahiers archéologiques, 2003–2004, vol. 51, pp. 45–53.
Zakharova A. Principles of Grouping the Images of Saints in Byzantine Monumental Painting before and after Iconoclasm. Maltseva S. V.; Zakharova A. V. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 4. St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2014, pp. 109–122 (in Russian).
Zakharova A. Development of Byzantine Church Iconographic Programme: A Perspective from the Borderlands. Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 9. Lomonosov Moscow State University; St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2019, pp. 262–274. DOI 10.18688/aa199-2-24 (in Russian).
