«Одеяйся светомъ яко ризою…» Драгоценные оклады в собрании Русского музея: к постановке проблемы формирования, художественного своеобразия и атрибуции коллекции
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18688/aa2414-3-20Ключевые слова:
оклад, икона, Государственный Русский музей, коллекция, надпись, атрибуцияАннотация
В собрании Отдела древнерусского искусства Русского музея хранится богатая коллекция произведений церковного искусства в драгоценных окладах, а также басменные и чеканные оклады и их фрагменты, в разное время снятые с икон, Евангелий, крестов. Памятники датируются XIV — концом XIX в. Многие из них были вывезены в Русский музей из монастырских ризниц (комплексы Иосифо-Волоколамского, Покровского Суздальского, Кирилло-Белозерского, Соловецкого, Александро-Свирского монастырей). В последние годы удалось выявить новые сведения о поступлениях и дополнить список этих известных памятников предметами из ризниц Костромского Богоявленского, Киржачского Благовещенского, Александро-Невского и других монастырей. Наиболее крупные собрания фрагментов окладов (басменные пластины с полей и накладки с надписями от икон, наугольники с евангелистами и сюжетные композиции со средников крышек Евангелий) поступили в Русский музей в составе частных коллекций XIX в. — прежде всего М. П. Погодина и Н. М. Постникова. Наконец, демонтаж драгоценного убора икон во время реставраций и последующие перераспределения предметов между различными структурами музея способствовали появлению в собрании «беспаспортных» окладов, утративших привязку к конкретным иконам. Все три категории музейных предметов, за редкими исключениями, не опубликованы монографически и нуждаются во всестороннем исследовании.
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