Изучение армянской и грузинской средневековой архитектуры и его значение в сложении «армянского» стиля во второй половине XIX века
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18688/aa2111-07-59Ключевые слова:
историография архитектуры Армении и Грузии, армянский стиль эпохи историзма, византийский стиль, храмы юга РоссииАннотация
Изучение процесса познания армянской и грузинской средневековой архитектуры в XIX в. является актуальным не только с точки зрения проблематики самой историографии. Немаловажное значение имеет оно для понимания настроя интеллектуальной элиты и творческих идей того времени. На примере ряда армянских и русских православных церквей в пределах юга европейской части Российской империи во второй половине XIX в. в статье исследуется вопрос о взаимосвязи отмеченного научного направления с одновременным архитектурным творчеством, воспевающим формы средневековых храмов Армении и Грузии.
Сложение в России нового архитектурного стиля, рожденного из основ византийского и условно названного в статье «армянским», как и интерес к храмам Армении и Грузии, определялись представлениями об их принадлежности византийской архитектуре, особым характером ориентализма в России и геополитическими реалиями эпохи. Выявляется два направления этого стиля. В первом древним постройкам Закавказья уподоблены общие формы, с которыми сочетается в основном романский декор. Второе ориентировано на воспроизведение архитектурных форм и орнаментов памятников Армении и Грузии из альбомов Г. Г. Гагарина и Д. И. Гримма.
Исследование выполнено в рамках Плана фундаментальных научных исследований РААСН и Минстроя России на 2021 год, тема № 1.1.1.1.
Библиографические ссылки
Baeva O. V.; Kazaryan A. Yu. Two Periods of Church Construction in Nakhichevan-on-Don. The Historical and Cultural Background of Stylistic Preferences. Arkhitekturnoe nasledstvo (Architectural Heritage), 2018, vol. 69, pp. 60–70 (in Russian).
Baeva O.; Kazaryan A. Armenian Church Architecture in the Town of Nakhichevan-on-Don: From Russian Neoclassicism to National Revival. RIHA Journal, 0218, 20 July 2019. Available at: https://doi.org/10.11588/riha.2019.0.69967 (accessed 1 May 2021)
Baeva O. V. Architectural Schools and the Main Stages of the Revival of the Armenian Style in the Russian Empire in the Middle of 19th — Early 20th Century. Voprosy vseobshchei istorii arkhitektury (Questions of the History of World Architecture), 2021, vol. 16(in print) (in Russian).
Dolukhanyan L. K. Havhannes Kadjaznuni. Yerevan, Arevik-rekord Publ., 1997. 75 p. (in Armenian).
Foletti I.: Rakitin P. From Russia with Love: The First Russian Studies on the Art of Southern Caucasus. Venezia Arti, 2018, vol. 27: Discovering the Art of Medieval Caucasus (1801–1945), pp. 15–31. DOI 10.30687/VA/2385-2720/2018/27/001
Ivanov A. V. Regular Vernacular — Freedom within the Grid (The Historic Center of Gyumri in the 19th — Middle 20th Centuries). Voprosy vseobshchei istorii arkhitektury (Questions of the History of World Architecture), 2017, vol. 9, pp. 159–192 (in Russian).
Kazaryan A. Yu. Grimm’s Album (1864, 1866) and the Architectural Project of the Church of Surb Karapet in Nakhichevan-on-Don. Arkhitekturnoe nasledstvo: Pamiati O. Kh. Khalpakhchiana (Architectural Heritage: In Memory of O. Kh. Khalpakhchian), Moscow, Krasand Publ., 2011, pp. 165–191 (in Russian).
Kazaryan A. Yu. Tserkovnaia arkhitektura stran Zakavkaz’ia VII veka: formirovanie i razvitie traditsii (Church Architecture Of the 7th Century in Transcaucasian Countries: Formation and Development of the Tradition), vol. 1. Moscow, Locus Standi Publ., 2012, pp. 40–44 (in Russian).
Kazaryan A. Yu. The Armenian Cathedral Architecture in Lviv. To Refine the Roots of the Church Composition and Decoration. Mezhdunarodnaia konferentsiia “Khudozhestvennaia kul’tura armianskikh obshchin na zemliakh Rechi Pospolitoi” (International Conference “Art Culture of Armenian Communities in the Lands of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth”, Minsk, 9–11 October 2012). Minsk, Art Design, 2013, pp. 116–126.
Kazaryan A. Yu. Ani Archaeological Institute. Range of Activities and the Basis for Success. Voprosy vseobshchei istorii arkhitektury (Questions of the History of World Architecture), 2016, vol. 7, pp. 9–27 (in Russian).
Kazaryan A. Yu. New Data on the Cupolas of Ani’s Churches. Part first. The Cathedral by an Architect Trdat. Voprosy vseobshchei istorii arkhitektury (Questions of the History of World Architecture), 2018, vol. 10, pp. 145–169 (in Russian).
Kazaryan A. Yu. The Church in the Village of Krym and Its Place in the Architecture of Don Armenians. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 2021 (ICASSEE 2021) (in print).
Khrushkova L. G. Studies of Christian Monuments of the Caucasus and Contemporary Discussions. Voprosy vseobshchei istorii arkhitektury (Questions of the History of World Architecture), 2018, vol. 10, pp. 67–103 (in Russian).
Kirichenko E. I. Russkaia arkhitektura 1830-kh — 1910-kh godov (Russian Architecture of the 1830s — 1910s). Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1982. 399 p. (in Russian).
Kirichenko E. I. Arkhitekturnye teorii XIX veka v Rossii (Architectural Theories of the 19th Century in Russia). Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1986. 344 p. (in Russian).
Kirichenko E. I. Architect Vasily Kosyakov. Moscow, BooksMArt Publ., 2016. 351 p. (in Russian).
Kirilko V. P. Haraksky Church of N. P. Krasnov: Masterpiece Birth. Istoriia i arkheologiia Kryma (History and Archaeology of the Crimea), 2015, vol. 2, pp. 470–479 (in Russian).
Saveliev Yu. R. (ed.). Krasowskii M. V. Issledovaniia po arkhitekture Vizantii (Studies on the Architecture of Byzantium). Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2019. 536 p. (in Russian).
Maranci Ch. Early European Travelers and Their Contributions to the Study of Armenian Architecture. Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies, 1998, 1999 (2000), vol. 10, pp. 7–28.
Pechenkin I. E. Caucasian Architectural Heritage by the Eyes of Theories and Architects of Historicism. Materialy mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma “Armeniia — Rossiia: dialog v prostranstve khudozhestvennoi kul’tury” (Materials of the International Symposium “Armenia — Russia: The Dialogue in the Space of Artistic Culture”). Moscow, State Institute for Art Studies Publ., 2010, p. 26 (in Russian).
Pechenkin I. E. Caucasian Architectural Heritage by the Eyes of Theories and Architects of Historicism. Voprosy vseobshchei istorii arkhitektury (Questions of the History of World Architecture), 2021, vol. 16 (in print) (in Russian).
Sergeev A. Yu. On the History of the Church Construction in the Territory of Dagestan according the Projects by G. G. Gagarin. Izvestiia Dagestanskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta (Dagestan State Pedagogical University Journal), 2011, no. 3, pp. 43–50 (in Russian).
Shahaziz E. O. Novyi Nakhichevan i novonakhichevantsy; Monastyr’ Surb Khach Novogo Nakhichevana (New Nakhichevan and Newnakhichevanians; Monastery of Surb Khach of New Nakhichevan). Rostov-on-Don, Kniga Publ., 2005. 240 p. (in Russian).
Tigranian E. A. Hai tchartarapetneri gortsuneutiune Andrkovkasum. XIX dari verj — XX dari skizb (Contributions of Armenian Architects in the Transcaucasus. Near the End of the 19th Century and at the Beginning of the 20th Century). Yerevan, Voskan Yerevantsi Publ., 2000. 263 p. (in Armenian).
